Roman shields (scutum, parma and clipeus) needed protection to damp and rain. Therefore, on the march, they would be covered by a leather case, the Tegimen. Several of these Tegimen have been found. In valkenburg z.h. there were even found some almost complete, thereby giving us appropriate sizes of the shield and construction insights.
Often, these covers were made out of several pieces of leather, sewn together with a special water-tigth stitching method, which leaves the upper layer of the outer skin intact. Furthermore, these covers had an insert for the umbo (shield boss) and had a name-tag in place.
Below a recreation of one of the Valkenburg z.h. (Netherlands) clipeus covers from the Netherlands.
